When you select a car at the dealership lot, you will face the inevitable question of the down payment. Putting money down and buying a car is an age-old tradition. It gives the lender a chance to witness your financial condition and allows you to lower the loan burden. In an ideal scenario, it is best to make as much down payment as possible. But, we do not live an ideal world. So, what should you do when you do not have enough money for your dream car?

Can you buy a Car with Low Down Payment?

Buying a car feels like being on a trial. The lender considers your credit score, payment history, monthly income and several others aspects of your life before approving the loan. And, when you can only afford low down payment, it can cause trouble. But, do not think that having no access to cash means putting an end to your car dream. There’s one thing that can change the game. Have you heard about LTV?

A loan-to-value ratio is the percentage of the loan amount in relation to the total cost of car. The higher the LTV, the lower will be the down payment. It means that if the lender approves you for a higher LTV, the need for making a large down payment becomes redundant. So, how can you get the lender approve you for 우리카지노쿠폰 a large loan amount?

C = Credit Score must look Good

It is the most common suggestion for obtaining any type of credit. It seems easy for the one who tells it, but difficult for the one who has to follow it. But, do not worry because you have help from the July 1, 2017 credit rule. If you have incomplete tax liens and inaccurate civil debts listed on your credit report, the credit bureaus will remove it. It can lead to a rise in your credit score. Even you can contribute to the rise by paying off a few debts.

C= Cost of Car should be Low

A low down payment becomes easy when the cost of car is low. If you do not have sufficient cash to make a down payment of at least ten percent of the cost, you can choose an inexpensive car. It will convert the inadequate down payment into one that’s just right for the lender. Settle for a used car. Avoid buying expensive add-ons from the dealer to keep the cost in check. Also, you can use your old car for 우리카지노계열 trade-in and eliminate the need for down payment.

C = Cosigner can be your Savior

When in doubt, seek help! You can use a cosigner to convince the lender of regular payments. Once he sees you as a less risky investment, he may approve you for a larger loan amount. Remember to choose a cosigner with a good credit score so that the lender can rest his doubts about receiving back his money. Choose someone who will be capable of making monthly payments, if you fail to do so. If getting a cosigner is becoming a bit of a problem, you can ask any of your parents or your partner to become a co-applicant on the loan. Their credit score will strengthen your loan application and enable the lender to see you as a worthy borrower.

Buying a car with low down payment is not possible for everyone. But, if you work hard to increase LTV, you will have no trouble in buying a car. So, before you head down to the dealership lot, work out the details and make sure that you get approval for a higher loan amount.

A low down payment auto loan can solve your troubles and enable you to obtain higher LTV. Apply with EZAutoFinance.net and get an opportunity of buying a car without down payment. Work with the bad credit auto financing company today and ensure a stress-free car buying.

id=”article-body” class=”row” section=”article-body”> Tyler Lizenby/CNET There’s little more infuriating than a Netflix show stuttering and stopping right at the climax thanks to bad Wi-Fi. The collective groans, the held breath as loading stalls at 99%, the children crying for Moana to come back: all of these could be avoided if the internet just stayed steady. But alas, steady internet is rarely our reality, and in many areas, internet service provider options are too limited to solve the problem.

What’s worse, with last year’s Supreme Court decision to decline to hear an appeal on net neutrality, ISPs can still throttle your internet, limiting your broadband if you’re streaming more YouTube or Hulu than they want, and providing slower connections to websites owned by their competitors. Luckily, there’s a solution to some of these problems: the virtual private network. Basically, ISPs need to see your IP address to slow down your internet, and a good VPN will shield that identity. Here’s how to find one and use it to check whether your ISP is artificially slowing down your internet.

Step 1

Test your internet health

Screenshot by David Priest/CNET You can measure the health of your internet in a number of ways, but I would suggest starting out with a simple test through M-Lab. This will check your connection speed, essentially gauging whether your ISP is providing consistent performance no matter the content you’re accessing. This measurement isn’t perfect, but it’s a good starting place.

Step 2

Find a reliable VPN

Norton If you’ve done a basic first test on your internet health, and you still think something may be awry with your ISP, start researching VPNs. There are dozens of reasons to get one, and just as many factors to take into account while searching for the best virtual private network, such as security, 우리카지노 price and server locations. Luckily, we’ve done that work for you already. Check out our suggestions here: CNET’s picks for best VPNs.

Step 3

Compare your speed with the VPN.

Screenshot by David Priest/CNET Next, test your internet speed somewhere like Fast.com or Speedtest.net. Compare the results to the same test when your VPN is active. The use of any VPN should cut your speed considerably, so the speed tests should show a discrepancy, with the VPN-active speed notably slower than the VPN-inactive speed. But a VPN also hides the IP address that providers use to identify you, so if your speed test with the VPN is faster than without the VPN, that may mean your ISP is targeting your IP address for throttling.

Step 4

Fix your internet

Screenshot by David Priest/CNET OK, this is the hard part. Even if you find out your provider is throttling your internet, there may not be much you can actually do. Many people in the US live in regions with ISP monopolies or duopolies, 파워볼분석 so you might not be able to find a better provider. But here are a few useful responses:

If you do have options, use the best provider in your area. Measurement Lab provides a good resource for finding info specific to your region, and that can guide you to a more reliable ISP.

Use your VPN to maintain more consistent speeds. A VPN can’t solve a bad connection or other reasons behind your slow service, but it can mitigate throttling from unscrupulous ISPs.

Call your provider and threaten to switch providers if they don’t stop throttling your internet. This might seem old fashioned, and I can’t guarantee lasting results, but providers have responded positively to such tactics when I’ve used them.

Originally published Feb. 8, 8:00 a.m. EST.

Correction, Feb. 10: This article previously misattributed last year’s net neutrality ruling to the Supreme Court, rather than the DC Circuit Court that decided the case. The Supreme Court declined to hear the appeal. The article has been corrected.

Update, Feb. 12: A few readers reported issues with one speed testing link, so we have replaced it with another verified test.

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id=”mod_37462243″>Child development theory is a demanding and competitive area driven by a need understand the exact nature of the developing child. Traditional medical models of understanding and intervention are in stark contrast to more recent psychological models initiating the debate over which model is of most value and how best to meet the developing needs of your child.

The journey from birth, through infancy and onto adulthood is by no means a smooth one and can be challenged by many factors. Two such examples are that of Down’s syndrome and autism.

Medical Model | Source Medical Models of Intervention in Child Development

History shows a medical model of understanding and intervention has held dominance in the past. This approach views difficulties experienced by a child to be that of ‘disease’ and should be treated in the same respect.

A clear route of investigation, diagnosis, treatment to cure is employed by fully trained medical professionals with little or no reference to social interactions or circumstance. Moreover, 카지노사이트추천 intervention is entirely focussed on the child and treatment given to that child.

Psychological Models of Intervention

The more recent development of a psychological model of intervention is concerned with psychosocial factors such as relationships with parents and siblings and environmental factors such as the circumstances the child is living in.

Intervention follows a more explorative route taking time over assessments and aiming to achieve a favourable ‘outcome’ rather than a ‘cure’. The psychological model is also particularly concerned with intellectual development which is a topical starting point for this debate.

Intellectual Development in Children

The definition of intellectual impairment depends very much upon which approach is used. The medical model approach views this as intelligence that is measured by standardised methods, i.e. IQ tests. Intelligence is assessed and when scores are lower than a certain level or where a diagnosis has been made regarding lower than what is considered ‘normal’ intelligence, intervention is usually activated.

Your child learns as the play and explore the world around them | Source A psychological model defines intellectual ability as what is different from the majority. Overall the level of intelligence that has been labelled ‘normal’ is of crucial significance and is used as a baseline.

Children’s intelligence is generally not measured by standardised means but often children are grouped into categories with others of similar ability. They are then labelled with a term which is considered appropriate by society at that particular time.

Differences in ability such as this has created several explanations. Three in particular were identified by Zigler and Balla (1982);

1) deficit in that a process is missing and clear brain dysfunction is present,

2) delay in that a child’s development is delayed and,

3) difference where a child is operating in different ways to others.

Both the delay and difference models refer to children who have no brain dysfunction but do have some form of intellectual impairment. All three models have recently been applied to the development of children with Down’s syndrome and autism.

Chromosomes | Source Down’s Syndrome

Down’s syndrome is a genetic chromosomal disorder which can be detected prenatally, however identification often occurs shortly after birth where abnormalities can be tested for.

Children who have Down’s syndrome take longer to process visual information than others and also process tactile information differently. A common intervention method at the present time in the UK is that of Portage.

This is a medical model of intervention that focuses solely on the child and uses standardised methods of treatment. Designed in the US, Portage is a method involving a key worker who, using a developmental checklist, works with the child and the carer to set developmental targets over a set period time, including when to work on a particular skill and how to go about it.

This process is repeated with each visit with the aim to encourage development to the standard of a ‘normal’ child on which the checklists are based upon.

Building Blocks in Child Development | Source The Portage method has been praised by parents and carers, however it is difficult to pinpoint whether it actually has any long term benefits for the child.

This kind of intervention follows a traditional route where a difficulty is identified and a treatment is employed.

Other factors such as parenting and social interaction are not considered and not incorporated into the intervention programme. These points highlight the areas in which a medical model of intervention such as Portage may not consider, and areas in which many researchers feel are too significant to ignore.

Alternatives

The criticism of the Portage method is the basis in which the developmental checklists, in which this method relies on, are created. They are centred on the developmental stages and milestones of a ‘normal’ child and may not be the most effective way of improving the development of a child with Down’s syndrome.

Down’s Syndrome Information

Some researchers claim children with Down’s syndrome follow the same path of development as non-Downs syndrome children but their development is delayed (Dunst and Trivette 1990). Whereas others disagree, and believe a delay model cannot explain the many differences in which these children display (Morss, 1985).

Which model is applied to conditions such as Down’s syndrome determines which model of intervention is favoured. Despite disagreements amongst researchers on this issue it is becoming increasingly apparent that a psychological model of intervention may be a more effective method to improve development in such children.

Many researchers such as Wishart (1990) are pushing for an intervention model which is designed specifically to the child and that is in line with the understanding of conditions like Down’s syndrome and how they develop. In particular this involves recognising that such children are developing in different ways rather than having just delayed development.

These more recent opinions are also reflected in other conditions. One such example is that of autism.

Autism

Autism was originally identified by Kanner in 1943 as being a condition of innate causes where children display an inability to relate to or hold relationships with others. It is condition often undetected until early infancy when a child’s behaviour becomes a concern when it does not fit with the ‘norm’.

Autism causes impairments in social, communicative and imaginative functioning and research suggests it has biological origins. This has lead to a medical model of intervention where similarly to Down’s syndrome, intervention is based around a standardised education programme which uses the ‘normal’ development route as a base.

Autism is now recognised as a lifelong condition where behaviour and skills can be improved but autistic behaviours will be present throughout life.

Causes of Autism

The causes of Autism are under great debate centred on the key questions of whether it is a condition caused by environmental factors or by factors from within the child. Consequently, which approach is taken towards the cause will greatly influence the method of intervention undertaken.

Further to Kanner’s early claims, research has suggested Autism is not caused by innate factors but autistic behaviours are in fact symptoms of delayed personality development. Significantly, Kanner himself altered his view in later years and highlighted environmental factors, education and parenting as equally influential in the causes of autism.

Bettelheim (1967) was strongly against innate causes and believed if parenting was erratic and a child was not cared for correctly in infancy they would not develop a mature personality due to a lack of social interactions and begin to show autistic behaviours. Further, he favoured a psychological model of intervention.

Support for a psychological method of intervention can also be seen in the techniques of Niko and Elizabeth Tinbergen in the 1970’s. They suggested an emotional and motivational imbalance in a child may be the cause for autistic behaviour (Chance, 1985). They believed that this in turn causes autistic children to find strong emotions overwhelming, causing them to become withdrawn, often from people and surroundings they are familiar with. They suggested a technique called ‘holding therapy’ designed to strengthen the mother-child bond.

Source Is Autism Genetic?

Morton (1989) suggests autism has a genetic basis. Studies conducted have suggested abnormal brain functioning may be a significant factor.

For example, links have been found between autism, infantile spasms and epilepsy pointing at brain stem and temporal lobe dysfunction. Furthermore, neurochemical studies have shown a difference in the brain functioning of autism suffers in comparison with non autism sufferers.

Variable expressivity has been suggested as a possible factor in autism where a parent or a sibling of an autistic child may have a cognitive impairment, providing further support for a genetic basis.

Early intervention in autism is often centred around management of the behavioural and communication difficulties experienced. Programmes based on operant conditioning are common and are often employed through special schools and education programmes designed for children with conditions such as autism.

Summary

Examples such as Down’s syndrome and autism serve as illustrators to the current theory, research and methods that are in place.

The current debate centres on whether these conditions are due to a delay in development or a complete difference in the way development proceeds. More recent research appears to be pointing towards a difference model rather than a delay model, certainly in the cases of autism and Downs syndrome which has strong implications for intervention.

Overall it can be said that modern research is providing increasing evidence, adding to this debate all the time. Embracing social factors such as parenting and social interactions alongside the child’s personal difficulties may provide a more efficient and positive intervention method which can only be improved upon in time as research grows.

More from PsychGeek

Cognition and Emotion: The study of Memory

The cognitive theory of emotion is a rapidly advancing area in psychology research.

References

Bettelheim, B. (1967). Empty fortress. Simon and Schuster.

Chance, M. R. A. (1985). ” Autistic” Children: New Hope for a Cure By Niko Tinbergen and Elizabeth A. Tinbergen (review). Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 28(4), 636-638.

Dunst, C. J., & Trivette, C. M. (1990). Assessment of social support in early intervention programs.

Faulkner, D and Lewis, V. (1995) ‘Psychological Intervention: Down’s Syndrome and Autism’ in Bancroft, D and Carr, V. (1995) ‘Influencing Children’s Development’, 우리카지노 Oxford, The Open University/Blackwell

Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous child,2(3), 217-250.

Morss, J. R. (1985). Early cognitive development: Difference or delay. Current approaches to Down’s syndrome, 242-259.

Morton, J. (1989). The origins of autism. New Scientist, 124, 44-47.

Wishart, J. G., & Duffy, L. (1990). Instability of performance on cognitive tests in infants and young children with Down’s syndrome. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 60(1), 10-22.

Zigler, E., & Balla, D. (1982). Motivational and personality factors in the performance of the retarded. Mental retardation: The developmental-difference controversy, 9-26.

© 2014 Fiona Guy

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sendingAUTHORFiona Guy

5 years ago from UK

It certainly is a challenging area and everybody wants the best for their child. The parents role is really very important and such a responsibility for any individual. Thank you Stewart for reading and sharing your thoughts!

Stewart Guy

5 years ago

This is an excellent hub, voted up; and a very challenging area for the medical profession as well as for parents of a child or 우리카지노총판 children with either Downs Syndrome or Autism. Let us all hope that further research can answer some of the questions on the best way to help the children who have these conditions and the parents to better understand that they play a crucial role in a child’s development from the day the are born!

AUTHORFiona Guy

5 years ago from UK

Thank you DDE! I totally agree, those early years for learning and development are so very important for children and I do wish more parents would take that on board!

Devika Primić

5 years ago from Dubrovnik, Croatia

incredible! Child development is crucial and very important for all parents to pay attention to. A useful hub and I voted up!